[Danielle Oliveira]

First scene the interpreter did not CEFF, scene two she didn’t say exactly what patient said she was sounds like given the recipe to the doctor of what the PT said what she had eaten at nigh befo9re, she wasn’t sitting at the right position, she didn’t the pre-session, when the doctor step out of the office the interpreter was chatting with the patient, she translated word to word, she wasn’t using body language when she was interpreting how’s endoscopy is done like the doctor did showing by gestures… She did right by doing the pre-session, with the patient in the front desk, taking proper notes w/o losing focus on what doctor/patient saying.. she did the CEFF, she politely refused patient’s gift and by refusing to give a ride to the patient and show her an alternative .

[Danielle Oliveira]

An interpreter can be used in all medical area but the most common is an Emergency Department (ED), where we can use most of the terminology we are learning, we’ll never know what kind emergency we have to deal with so we need to be prepared to interpreter accurately, where mistakes is not allowed.That been said we need to show up to work on time, well rested, emotionally and mentally ready.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Immunology and Pathology
Immunology it is Interesting because the immune system is a complex system of structures and processes that has evolved to protect us from diseases.
what is immunology? Is the study of the immune system and is a veery important branch of the medical and biological sciences.The immune system protect us from infection through various lines of defense.If the immune system is not functioning as it should, it can result in disease, such an autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. It is also now becoming clear that immune responses contribute to the development of many common disorders not traditionally viewed as immunologic, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s.Research in this area involves studying disease that is caused by immune system.

Pathology specialized in Blood Banking/ Transfusion Medicine- will be a challenge because I might be face with a situation with a patient refusing any type of treatment that involves blood products due to their culture or religion beliefs.It is a hard topic for me to discuss.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Alveoli are tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, the branch-like tubes in the lungs. The alveoli move oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules into and out of your bloodstream.
Alveoli are the endpoint of the respiratory system. When you breathe, air moves through your respiratory system in the following order:

You inhale air into your mouth or nose.
The air travels down the trachea (windpipe).
The air travels through the airways (bronchi) into your lungs.
The air is directed through smaller and smaller passages (bronchioles).
The air moves through a tiny duct (alveolar duct) and finally enters an individual alveolus (the singular of alveoli).
At this point, the oxygen molecules move through a single layer of lung cells in the alveolus. From there, they travel through a single cell layer in a capillary to enter the bloodstream.
CO2 is a byproduct of the process in cells that uses oxygen to make energy. As oxygen moves out of the alveolus, CO2 molecules pass into it. Then, they are breathed out of your body through your nose or mouth.
Your diaphragm is the muscle that controls your breathing. When you breathe in, your diaphragm contracts and creates negative pressure in your chest. When this happens, the alveoli expand and pull in air.

When you breathe out, your diaphragm relaxes. The alveoli then recoil or spring back, pushing out air.The alveoli only work if the tissue is healthy. Certain medical conditions can negatively affect the alveoli by causing inflammation, scarring, infection, and fluid (water, pus, or blood) build-up.

[Danielle Oliveira]

The skin is the largest organ in the body, covering its entire external surface.
The skin has 3 layers- Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis., which have different anatomical structures and functions
As the body largest organ, skin protects against germs, regulates body temperature and enables touch sensations .
Epidermis- the top layer of the skin that you can see and touch.The epidermis acts as a protective barrier. The epidermis keeps bacteria and germs from entering your body and bloodstream and causing infections . It also protects against rain, sun, and others elements. Makes new skin, continually makes new cells. Protects your body. The epidermis are part of the body”s immune system. They help fight off germs and infections. Provides skin color, the epidermis contains melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. The amount of melanin determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes.
Dermis, is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis makes 90% of skin’s thickness. Dermis has collagen and elastin. Collagen is a protein that makes skin cells strong and resilient, elastin, keeps skin flexible .It also helps stretched skin regain its shape. Grows hair, the roots of the hair follicle attach to the dermis.Keeps you in touch, tell you when something is too hot to touch, itchy, or super soft, also help you feel pain.Makes oil, produces sweat, supplies blood.
Hypodermis is the bottom layer of skin, is the fatty layer.Cushions muscles and bones, protecting muscles and bones from injuries. has connective tissues to connect layers of skin to muscles and bones, helps the nerves and blood vessels branch out to connect hypodermis to the rest of the body, regulates body temperature .

[Danielle Oliveira]

The reproductive system is an organ system, which has different organs in case of males and females.
In women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, cervix, and the vagina.Producing gametes(termed eggs or ova),regulating sex hormones, and maintaining fertilized eggs as they develop into mature fetuses ready for delivery.
In man reproductive system it includes the vas deferent, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, urethra,testicles, scrotum, penis,prostate gland, and the bladder.
The male has reproductive organs or genitals, that are both inside and outside the pelvis, while the female has reproductive organs entirely within the pelvis.Produces, maintains, and transports sperm and protective fluid(sperm). Discharges sperm during sex,produces and secretes male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system.

The testes and ovaries can produce hormones involved in the development of the male or female reproductive system. The testes in male produce testosterone, while the ovaries in females produce estrogen and progesterone.

[Danielle Oliveira]

The nerves are made up of: Axons, cord-like groups of fibers in the center of your nerve.(nucleus)
Dendrites, branches that carry electrical impulses. Endoneurium, a layer of connective tissue surrounding axons.
Neurons(also called neurones or nerve cells) are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.In some parts of the brain, there are many more glia than neurons, but neurons are the key players in the brain..Neurons are information messengers. They use electrical and chemical signals to send information between different areas of the brain, as well as between the brain, the spinal cord, and the entire body.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Difference between arteries and veins: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and Veins carry blood towards the heart.
With the exception of pulmonary blood vessels, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood.
Arteries have thick walls with muscles tissue. Veins have thinner wall and use valves to keep your blood flowing.

4 Chambers of the heart: The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.

[Danielle Oliveira]

There are many techniques an interpreter can improve mental retention by Visualizations, utilize imagery, rhyme, words association, idea mapping, good diet, quality of sleep, good hydration. Repetition reinforces connections we create, by repeating what you hear out loud, write down and read it aloud.Using acronyms, abbreviations, Mnemonics… The ideas was presented at the video thaught me that The more you work out your brain , the better you’ll be able to process and remember information.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Many factors can inhibit good mental health retention, like:
Diet; Some foods can cause inflammation , which affects memory and other brain functions.
Mental health conditions like depression and anxiety
Medical conditions like head injury, alcohol or drug misuse, sleep problems.
Keeping a good mental retention is important remembering what you read, facts and details, patient’s names.It helps retain and recall information, leading to better interpreting performance.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Medical terminology is a language used to precisely describe the human body incluiding components, conditions affecting it and procedures performed…has quite regular morphology ( I learned when I was studying to be a MA), the same prefixes and suffixes are used to add meanings to different roots.For example, Appendicitis would be a condition of Appendix is also a condition or inflammation of the Appendix.Suffix-itis means inflammation.

[Danielle Oliveira]

Back on 1997 when I first got here in USA Portuguese interpreters weren’t that efficient, was mixed with some Spanish words, Nowdays, I can see the Executive order 13166 been applied as a lots portugueses speakers differs from different countries, words and meanings are different for example Brazil and Portugal. Now I can see hospitals, clinics been considering that the patient has the interpreter services fromm their origin language as we say “language of the heart. that makes a huge difference how the patient will be understanding and treated, they will feel more comfortable knowing he/she will have the care they’re seeking with respect and dignity. There’s always a room to improve to enact new legislation.

[Danielle Oliveira]

The four chief roles of a medical interpreter are, Message Conveyor or Conduit, Message Clarifier, Cultural Broker/Clarifier, and Patient Advocate.
An example for a Message Conveyor/Conduit is like a water conduit, it transports water from one location to another like how an interpreter transfers information from a provider to the patient and vise versa, and like a water conduit, we don’t leak anything or allow other materials contaminate or mess with our communications.
An example for a Message Clarifier is as if it’s a language educational system. Like the binder states, “think of the word ‘pee’. This is a word we learn when we are children. When we get older we use a higher register for this term such as ‘urinate’.” We help out by hearing how the patient uses a word and even pass on information as to how we can use a higher register for a word or phrasing.
An example for a Cultural Broker/Clarifier is how the stated from the CHIA, “Culture determines how people behave, make decisions, communicate and interact with each other.” It’s our duty to express to the patient we are speaking to how the culture of the region they’re in is different from the culture they grew in and same applies when speaking to the provider to elaborate the difference from the patients culture to the providers.
An example for a Patient Advocate is like speaking up or testifying for someone in the party of who’s speaking.”Interpreters cannot and should not be responsible for everything that everyone does, or doesn’t do. But if they happen to notice something starting to go wrong it is reasonable to bring it to the attention of someone who can correct it” (Kontrimas, 2000)

[Danielle Oliveira]

The benefits of doing a pre-session with myself, the provider. and the patient is it sets a ground foundation for the three parties to know who each other are, the speech or tone each party talks in, the speed or reaction time someone in the party has depending if you need to slow or speed your speech, or in some cases, which region the patient’s language dialect is from. (Example: Northern Brazilian-Portuguese speakers talk differently compared to Southern Brazilian-Portuguese speakers due to specific terms or pronunciation).
A possible scenario that would be avoided is a patient or the interpreter being confused by their way of speaking depending on the dialect of speech, or could also avoid any name confusion between the interpreter and provider.
I think it is always necessary to do a pre-session with the providers so that way us the interpreter, have more information and understandings to work around with. We can elaborate specific things to the provider if the patient is upset and wants someone to express that emotion or to explain something better to them.

[Danielle Oliveira]

My name is Danielle Oliveira, I am 45 years old, and I was born in Brazil, Minas Gerais. I came to the United States in 1997. I graduated high school in Summerville, and down the line, I began studying and soon graduated as a medical assistant at Lincoln Tech School with high honors. I am also fluent in both English and Brazilian Portuguese, with my English being bilingual and my Portuguese being native. I currently reside in Massachusetts, in a town called Uxbridge, in the United States. I want to become a medical interpreter for the following reasons: I always liked being in the medical field; I’ve always been aware and caring of the health and concerns of others; and I understand the language barriers that can cause difficulties for both parties. Being in the field has, of course, its own challenges and difficulties. I’ve always been inspired to overcome or divert these difficulties, making them into more manageable or even better results for myself and others. When I first came to the United States and had to go to appointments at hospitals and medical cares, it was important and helpful to have someone to translate and explain in my own language any concerns, health risks, and other important needed translations. This had grown to inspire me to therefore do the same to have someone to translate and explain in my own language any concerns, health risks, and other important needed translations. This had grown to inspire me to therefore do the same for others. Since I have an understanding and respect for those who have helped me before, I want to give the chance for others to also have this opportunity to be heard clearly, have them understood, and help them understand and have the best treatment as well without the confusion or worry of miscommunications and language barriers. Therefore, this is my reason for seeking to become a medical interpreter.

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