[Shivangi Patel]

The five most frequent errors in medical interpreting are omission, addition, false fluency, substitution, and editorialization, which can be fixed

Omission Can Greatly Hurt Medical Interpreting

The first, and most common, error in medical interpreting is omission, which is when an interpreter leaves out a word or phrase. This can greatly change the meaning of whatever is being communicated. It is so common because it is probably the easiest mistake to make, whether an interpreter is trying to save time or simply is not very confident in their abilities. Again, this can lead to various issues with patients, which is why this error is something that medical interpreters need to focus on avoiding, especially by taking medical interpreter classes online.

Addition is Another Error in Medical Interpreting

Addition is similar to omission. It happens when an interpreter adds a word or phrase, altering what the patient or client ends up understanding. In medical interpreting, it isn’t as common as omission, however it is still an error that can seriously hurt patients or clients.

Medical Interpreting and False Fluency Don’t Mix

False fluency is another error that can really hurt medical interpreting as a whole. False fluency is when an interpreter uses a word or phrase that doesn’t actually exist in that language. This is generally caused by interpreters who aren’t fluent in the target language or if they aren’t familiar with the terminology of what they are interpreting. This error can be almost completely eliminated by obtaining a medical interpreter certification online through a medical interpreter training program.

Substitution Can Mislead in Medical Interpreting

Substitution is another error in medical interpreting that can lead to miscommunication, more than one might expect. This error happens when interpreters use a similar word in the target language, but it is not a completely accurate understanding. This can also lead to a lot of errors, especially with important medical information, such as diagnoses or treatment options.

Medical error editing

The last frequent error in medical interpreting is editorializing. This is when an interpretation includes the bias or opinions of the interpreter. Medical decisions can clearly be changed by this kind of error

[Shivangi Patel]

Yes I agree with you when it comes to difficult medical terms which the interrupters should break down into simple two three words or by sign language

[Shivangi Patel]

Interpreters play a critical role in ensuring that communication is accurate and complete. However, misunderstandings and errors can occur when interpreters are not properly trained or lack knowledge of medical terminology.

Solution: Healthcare staff should be trained on how to communicate effectively with interpreters and should verify the accuracy of interpretations whenever possible. Additionally, healthcare organizations can establish quality control measures to monitor the performance of interpreters and ensure that they are meeting established standards.
Healthcare providers must be aware of cultural differences that may impact communication and care delivery. Interpreters can help bridge these cultural differences, but they may not be aware of all the cultural nuances that can impact care delivery.

Solution: Healthcare providers should receive training on cultural competence, which includes an understanding of cultural differences and their impact on healthcare. Additionally, healthcare organizations can provide training to interpreters on cultural competence and the cultural expectations of healthcare providers and patients.

[Shivangi Patel]

Language barriers negatively affect patient outcomes, and linguistic assistance is essential for adequate healthcare. The adoption of face-to-face medical interpretating is believed to have been rendered more challenging by the implementation of hospital admission restrictions following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). On the other hand, remote interpretating can be implemented using merely equipment, enabling it to be introduced without being impacted by the transmission of illness, and its use may have spread globally. To comprehend how COVID-19 has impacted remote interpreting utilization and what issues have arisen.
In addition, mobile technology, including remote medical interpreting services is currently gaining attention, as they do not require face-to-face interpreters on-site. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals limited the entrance of people, including patients and their families

[Shivangi Patel]

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in your lungs that take up the oxygen you breathe in and keep your body going. Although they’re microscopic, alveoli are the workhorses of your respiratory system.

People have an average of 480 million alveoli in their lungs, located at the end of bronchial tubes. When you breathe in, the alveoli expand to take in oxygen. When you breathe out, the alveoli shrink from expelling carbon dioxide.
There are three overall processes involved in your breathing:
moving air in and out of your lungs (ventilation)
oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange (diffusion)
pumping blood through your lungs (perfusion)
Although tiny, the alveoli are the center of your respiratory system’s gas exchange. The alveoli pick up the incoming energy (oxygen) you breathe in and release the outgoing waste product you exhale.
Each alveolus is cup-shaped with very thin walls. It’s surrounded by networks of blood vessels called capillaries that also have thin walls.

The oxygen you breathe in diffuses through the alveoli and the capillaries into the blood. The carbon dioxide you breathe out is diffused from the capillaries to the alveoli, up the bronchial tree, and out your mouth.
Impact to alveoli
This seemingly perfect machine for breathing can break down or become less efficient because of:
disease
aging
smoking and air pollution
Be aware of days when outdoor air pollution is high. You can find forecasts online for the following:
air quality
pollen counts
wind speeds and direction

[Shivangi Patel]

The skin is the body’s largest organ, made of water, protein, fats and minerals. Your skin protects your body from germs and regulates body temperature
Three layers of tissue make up the skin:
Epidermis, the top layer.
Dermis, the middle layer.
Hypodermis, the bottom or fatty layer.
The epidermis:
Acts as a protective barrier: The epidermis keeps bacteria and germs from entering your body and bloodstream and causing infections. It also protects against rain, sun and other elements.
Makes new skin: The epidermis continually makes new skin cells. These new cells replace the approximately 40,000 old skin cells that your body sheds every day. You have new skin every 30 days.
Protects your body: Langerhans cells in the epidermis are part of the body’s immune system. They help fight off germs and infections.
Provides skin color: The epidermis contains melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.
The dermis makes up 90% of skin’s thickness. This middle layer of skin:
Has collagen and elastin: Collagen is a protein that makes skin cells strong and resilient. Another protein found in the dermis, elastin, keeps skin flexible. It also helps stretched skin regain its shape.
Grows hair: The roots of hair follicles attach to the dermis.
Keeps you in touch: Nerves in the dermis tell you when something is too hot to touch, itchy or super soft. These nerve receptors also help you feel pain.
Makes oil: Oil glands in the dermis help keep the skin soft and smooth.
The bottom layer of skin, or hypodermis, is the fatty layer. The hypodermis:
Cushions muscles and bones: Fat in the hypodermis protects muscles and bones from injuries when you fall or are in an accident.
Has connective tissue: This tissue connects layers of skin to muscles and bones.
Helps the nerves and blood vessels: Nerves and blood vessels in the dermis (middle layer) get larger in the hypodermis.

[Shivangi Patel]

the pituitary gland, also known as “the master gland,” plays a crucial role in regulating hormone production from most of the other glands in the body. This being the case, it’s essential to numerous functions as well as overall health. Sitting in the brain between its hypothalamus region and the pineal gland within the sphenoid bone (located towards the front of the skull), this gland has two lobes: an anterior and a posterior lobe.1

Given its critical role, diseases or malformations of the pituitary gland can have serious implications. These include often asymptomatic pituitary tumors
Anterior pituitary lobe: This front-facing portion is the largest of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary lobe is responsible for the synthesis of most pituitary hormones.
Posterior pituitary lobe: The rear-facing lobe of the gland is an extension of the hypothalamus brain region that is connected to the main body
Hormones-
Growth hormone. Growth hormone regulates growth and physical development. It can stimulate growth in almost all of your tissues. Its primary targets are bones and muscles.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone. This hormone activates your thyroid to release thyroid hormones. Your thyroid gland and the hormones it produces are crucial for metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone stimulates your adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other hormones.
Follicle-stimulating hormone. Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved with estrogen secretion and the growth of egg cells in women. It’s also important for sperm cell production in men.
Luteinizing hormone. Luteinizing hormone is involved in the production of estrogen in women and testosterone in men.
Prolactin. Prolactin helps women who are breastfeeding produce milk.

[Shivangi Patel]

The male reproductive system consists of external organs. The testes in the scrotum produce the male gamete, sperm, which is ejaculated in seminal fluid by the penis.
The female reproductive system primarily consists of internal organs. The female gamete, ovum, is produced in the ovaries and is released monthly to travel to the uterus via the Fallopian tubes.
Organs-
fallopian tubes: The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx) are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the utero-tubal junction.
penis: The male sexual organ for copulation and urination; the tubular portion of the male genitalia
vagina: A fibromuscular tubular tract which is the female sex organ and has two main functions: sexual intercourse and childbirth.
The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male gamete or spermatozoa for fertilization of the ovum. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category is sperm production and storage. Production takes place in the testes, housed in the temperature-regulating scrotum. Immature sperm then travel to the epididymis for development and storage. The second category, the ejaculatory fluid-producing glands, includes the seminal vesicles, prostate, and vas deferens.
The human female reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside the body and around the pelvic region. It contains three main parts: the vagina, which leads from the vulva, the vaginal opening, to the uterus; the uterus, which holds the developing fetus; and the ovaries, which produce the female’s ova. The breasts are also a reproductive organ during parenting, but are usually not classified as part of the female reproductive system. The vagina meets the outside at the vulva, which also includes the labia, clitoris, and urethra.

[Shivangi Patel]

The nervous system consists of two main cell types, neurons and supporting glial cells. The neuron is the functional unit of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The basic functions of neurons can be summarized into three main tasks: receiving signals, integrating these signals and transmitting the signals to target cells and organs. These functions reflect in the microanatomy of the neuron. As such, neurons typically consist of four main functional parts which include the:

Receptive part (dendrites), which receive and conduct electrical signals toward the cell body
Integrative part , containing the nucleus and most of the cell’s organelles, acting as the trophic center of the entire neuron
Conductive part (axon), which conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body
Transmissive part , where axons communicate with other neurons or effectors
Parts- Cell body
The cell body (AKA the soma) of the neuron contains the cell’s nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell. It also contains specialized organelles for protein and energy production.
Dendrites
Dendrites are extensions that branch off the cell body. They receive chemical signals from other neurons, which they convert to electrical impulses and transmit to the cell body.
Axon
The axon is a long extension that carries information away from the cell body. Many axons are covered in myelin, which is an insulating layer that allows nerve impulses to be rapidly conducted along the length of the axon. The endpoints of the axon are called the axon terminals. This is where information leaves the nerve cell and is passed on to target cells.

Different Types of Nerve Cells
There are three different types of nerve cells in the human body. These are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

[Shivangi Patel]

Arteries and veins (also called blood vessels) are tubes of muscle that your blood flows through. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Veins push blood back to your heart.
Your arteries carry high-oxygen blood away from your heart towards the rest of the body. They branch out into many smaller arteries in other parts of your body.‌
Your largest artery is the aorta.
‌Your blood loses oxygen as it travels through your arteries. Veins carry the blood back to your heart to absorb more oxygen. Your veins usually hold about 75% of all the blood flowing through your body.‌
Types of arteries
There are three types of arteries:
Elastin arteries
Muscular arteries
Smooth muscle fibers
Arterioles
There are two main types of veins, pulmonary and systemic.

The heart consists of four chambers – two atria and two ventricles:

Blood returning to the heart enters the atria, and is then pumped into the ventricles.
From the left ventricle, blood passes into the aorta and enters the systemic circulation.
From the right ventricle, blood enters the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary arteries.
Right Atrium
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae, and from the coronary veins.
Sinus venarum – located posterior to the crista terminalis. This part receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae.
Left Atrium
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins, and pumps it through the left atrioventricular orifice
Right Ventricle
The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, and pumps it through the pulmonary orifice , into the pulmonary artery
Left Ventricle
The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium, and pumps it through the aortic orifice into the aorta.

[Shivangi Patel]

For mental health a priority-
Get proper sleep
Physical activity/exercise
Connect with others, make time with friends
Give to/ help others
Develop an attitude of gratitude
Take time in nature
Learn new skills, or develop existing abilities
Listen to your body, harness your body
Eat a varied diet
Repeat and retrieve
Any time you learn a new piece of information, you’re more likely to mentally record that information if it’s repeated.
Repetition reinforces the connections we create between neurons. Repeat what you hear out loud. Try using it in a sentence. Write it down and read it aloud.
Try acronyms, abbreviations, and mnemonics
Mnemonic devices can be in the form of acronyms, abbreviations, songs, or rhymes.
Construct a “mind palace”
The mind palace technique is often used by memory champions. In this ancient technique, you create a visual and complex place to store a set of memories.
Keep yourself busy
A busy schedule can maintain your brain’s episodic memory. One study linked busy schedules to better cognitive function.

[Shivangi Patel]

AS MEDICAL INTERPRETER IT IS DEFINETELT GOOD TO BE FLUENT WITH MED TERMS AND MED EDUCATION FOR GOOD HAND ON AND IN ORDER TO SERVE THE COMMUNITY SO YOU CAN IMPLEMENT BETTER KNOWLEDGE TO PEOPLE AND REIMBARK WHAT YOU HAVE STUDIED IN YOUR COLLEGE AND REMEMEBR IT FOR LIFETIME TO FURTHUR IMPLEENT IN DAY TO DAY LIFE.

[Shivangi Patel]

FACTORS THAT CAN IMPAIR YOUR MENTAL RETENTION-
Aging
The aging process can harm certain aspects of memory and others not at all. Studies have shown that older adults.
Distractibility
Being distracted by something during your brain’s memory-making process can prevent the information in a Short term memory.
Sleep issues
Most of us have experienced memory lapses when we stay up too late but the amount of sleep you get isn’t as important is good.
Nutritional deficiencies
Being deficient in key vitamins and other nutrients interferes with optimal memory. Science has shown that not getting enough of vitamins B 12, B1, B6 and B9 leads to memory loss,
Hormonal imbalances
Your hormones carry essential messages that control and influence how your body and brain function.
Family history
The risk of memory issues increases if a person’s parents or siblings have developed Alzheimer’s or another type of dementia. This

[Shivangi Patel]

The President signed Executive Order 13166, “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency.” The Executive Order requires Federal agencies to examine the services they provide, identify any need for services to those with limited English proficiency (LEP), and develop and implement a system to provide those services so LEP persons can have meaningful access to them. To assist Federal agencies in carrying out these responsibilities, the U.S. Department of Justice has issued a Policy Guidance Document “Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – National Origin Discrimination Against Persons With Limited English Proficiency”. This LEP Guidance sets forth the compliance standards that recipients of Federal financial assistance must follow to ensure that their programs and activities normally provided in English are accessible to LEP persons.
The Executive Order also requires that the Federal agencies work to ensure that recipients of Federal financial assistance provide meaningful access to their LEP applicants and beneficiaries.
Federal agencies to examine the services they provide, identify any need for services to those with limited English proficiency (LEP), and develop and implement a system to provide those services so LEP persons can have meaningful access to them.
It is expected that agency plans will provide for such meaningful access consistent with, and without unduly burdening, the fundamental mission of the agency.
The Executive Order also requires that the Federal agencies work to ensure that recipients of Federal financial assistance provide meaningful access to their LEP applicants and beneficiaries.

[Shivangi Patel]

Medical interpreters are professionals who help patients and healthcare providers communicate with each other when they speak different languages. They play a crucial role in ensuring that patients receive the best possible care, regardless of their language or cultural background.

In medical terminology, a prefix is a word part that is added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning. For example, the prefix “hypo-” means “under” or “less than,” so the word “hypotension” means “low blood pressure” A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a word to modify its meaning. For example, the suffix “-itis” means “inflammation,” so the word “arthritis” means “inflammation of the joints”

Medical interpreters must have a strong understanding of medical terminology, including prefixes and suffixes, to be able to accurately interpret conversations between patients and healthcare providers.

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