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I watched the video several times. Although I don’t know Spanish, I try to understand where is wrong and where is right. In the first scene, the interpreter used a third person during interpretation. She did not perform pre-session with the patient nor with the provider. She did not do CEFF. Somewhere she took more than the patient, maybe she added some information.
She mechanically translated word to word. Sometimes she does not write notes. She stays with the patient when the provider leaves the room, and she continues talking with the patient about something ??, – here she appears to lack professionalism. She is right in asking the provider to clarify some terms like GERD. And she asks the provider to explain to the patient the meaning of endoscopy. She lacks memory retention skills, which was clear when she asked the provider to repeat what he said. In the second section, she did a pre-session with the patient at the front desk, and she did it quickly with the provider within the protocol. She did CEFF. She politely refused to take something that the patient offered to her, avoiding demeaning the patient. Here she appeared with professionalism and ethical principles. She is poor with medical terminology. On the other hand, she appears as a patient advocate when she asks a doctor to come to the next appointment and help the patient.As a medical interpreter, I plan to continue studying subjects connected to this profession in order to obtain deep and broad knowledge in the goal of continuous self-development in this field. I will follow up on new medical information from various sources such as websites, medical magazines and newspapers. In addition, I will try to recognize the many cultures of deferent people in the United States. Finally, gaining great experience is very important in medical interpretation.
In my opinion, the most common medicine areas for medical interpreters to be used are internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, and surgery. That indicates we should concentrate more on these areas, without ignoring other medical aspects.Two areas of medicine that are particularly interesting and challenging for me are oncology and neurology. Both fields deal with complex systems in the human body and often involve difficult terminology. The challenge for interpreters lies in accurately conveying the meaning of highly specialized terms and concepts which may not have direct equivalents in other languages. Additionally, sensitivity to the emotional situation associated with these fields as patients and their families often experience fear and distress can add extra pressure to ensure clear and precise communication. Misinterpreting a term in these contexts could have serious implications for patient care.
1. Oncology
Oncology, the study and treatment of cancer, is a rapidly evolving field with constant advancements in treatment options. The complexity of cancer as a disease, its various stages, investigations and the numerous treatment modalities make this field particularly challenging. Terminology in oncology includes a wide range of specialized terms related to different types of cancers, treatment protocols (like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, … etc.), and genetic abnormalities.
Challenging Terminology:
Terms like: Neoplasm: An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should. Carcinoma in situ: A group of abnormal cells that remain in the place where they first formed. Neoadjuvant therapy: Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment. Also drug names: Many cancer treatments have names that are not easily translatable and may require the interpreter to familiarize themselves with both brand names and generic names.
, Additionally, pathology terms: Understanding the classifications of tumors (benign vs malignant, staging like TNM), cytology and pathology biopsy results.
2. Neurology
Neurology-focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and autonomic nervous system. This field deals with disorders including: stroke, brain and spinal tumors, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, encephalitis and others. The nervous system complexity and the precise nature of neurological disorders make this area of medicine particularly intricate.
Challenging Terminology:
Neuroanatomical terms: Terms like: “cerebellum,” “hippocampus,” and “synapse” are specific and may not have equivalent terms in other languages, making accurate interpretation difficult. Clinical symptoms: describing neurological symptoms (e.g., ataxia, paresthesia, aphasia) can be challenging, especially when patients may have difficulty explaining their complaints. Diagnostic techniques: procedures such as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and lumbar puncture (LP).The male and female reproductive systems consist of different organs, each of them has distinct structures and functions, reflecting their roles. They work together to ensure the continuation of the species.
A-Anatomy
1. Primary Organs:
– Male: The primary reproductive organs are the testes, which produce sperm and testosterone.
– Female: The primary reproductive organs are the ovaries, which produce eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
2. External Structures:
– Male: The penis (which delivers sperm into the vagina), and scrotum (which holds the testes, and regulates their temperature).
– Female: The clitoris, labia minora, labia majora and Bartholin glands, and the openings of the urethra and vagina.
3. Internal Structures:
– Male: The male reproductive system includes the vas deferens (which stores and transports mature sperm to the urethra), the seminal vesicles (which produce seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm), the prostate gland (which secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm), the Bulbourethral glands(which produced a pre- ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra, and the urethra (which transports sperm into the vagina).
– Female: The female reproductive system includes the fallopian tubes (which transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization), the uterus( which houses and nourishes the developing fetus), the cervix (it is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina; produces mucus that can either block or facilitate sperm movement), and the vagina( which receives sperm during intercourse and serves as the birth canal).
B-Functions
1. Gamete Production (Gametogenesis):
– Male: Produces millions of sperm continuously throughout life after puberty.
– Female: Produces eggs (approximately 1,000,000 at birth, decreasing to about 400-500 that will mature and be ovulated).
2. Fertilization:
– Male: Sperm is delivered to the female reproductive tract during ejaculation.
– Female: Eggs are released during ovulation and must be fertilized within a specific time frame (usually within 24 hours).
3. Gestation:
– Male: Does not participate in gestation.
– Female: The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy.
C- Hormonal Regulation
1. Male Hormones:
– Primarily regulated by testosterone, which influences sperm production, secondary sexual characteristics, and libido.
2. Female Hormones:
– Regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, which control the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and pregnancy.
D- Cycles
1. Male: Sperm production is relatively constant and does not follow a cyclical pattern.
2. Female: The menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days, involving hormonal changes that regulate ovulation and prepare the uterus for pregnancy.The difference between arteries and veins reflects their rules in the circulatory system. The primary differences between arteries and veins according to their structure, functions and direction of blood flow are: 1-Arteries have thicker walls and smaller lumen compared to veins. 2-Veins have valves to prevent returning blood, while arteries don’t have. 3- Arteries generally carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the organs and tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the organs and tissues. 3- Arteries operate under high pressure, while veins operate under low pressure. 4- Arteries are located deeper within the body compared with veins. 5- additionally there are different diseases impact each of them.
The heart is consistent with four chambers; the right, and the left atrium (upper chambers), the right, and the left ventricular (lower chambers). Each chamber has a specific role in the circulatory system. The right atrium receives the deoxygenated blood from the body through cava inferior and cava superior vines. The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary artery. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to all organs and tissues, including the heart. So the chambers separate between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and the ventricles are muscular chambers that generate high pressure to pump blood effectively to entire body.
