[Shannelys Guzman]

You did such a good job with your research!

[Shannelys Guzman]

Great job explaining!

[Shannelys Guzman]

The human body’s ability to breathe in air, remove what we need from it, and breathe out what we need to get rid of occurs because of the alveoli. The alveoli are where the body exchanges the gases from well within our lungs, where they are located. Air goes from our mouth or nose through the lungs and ending in the alveoli traveling through trachea, then bronchi into even smaller paths the bronchioles to their alveoli at last. The human body contains millions of alveoli. They happen to resemble teeny balloon-shaped air sacs in bunches like cauliflower at the end of each bronchial tube. The alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels, but each alveolus itself is clothed in a dense network of capillaries to always be rapidly taking in that breath. One singular thin wall of cells divides the alveoli and their surrounding capillaries into the bloodstream. Alveoli make it possible for our bloodstream to always be flowing with rich oxygenated blood. This is where it takes place: breathing, where gas is continuously and quickly passed through to the vessels carrying it through, supplying the body with oxygen while at the same time depositing out through our lungs the waste of carbon dioxide we don’t need that can essentially be harmful to our bodies. The alveolus is so important to the human body some people fail to notice how much of a role it plays in our lives daily, involuntarily just working 24/7 to give us life.  The alveolus is made up of different parts. First, it has a wide surface area inside our lungs—you wouldn’t believe it, about 130 square meters—to make sure it performs its job correctly. Our body produces a fluid named surfactant, which lines our alveoli. The production of this fluid comes from the type 2 alveolar cells. This fluid gives our alveoli protection essentially from collapsing while expansion occurs during breathing.

[Shannelys Guzman]

Great job explaining!

[Shannelys Guzman]

Great job separating the three! Very informative

[Shannelys Guzman]

As humans we are made up of organs that are constantly all working together to keep us alive. Not many know the skin is actually our largest organ, occupying about 15% of our weight. The human body’s largest organ is called the skin, which consists of three layers. Those layers are called the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the surface skin, as I call it; it’s the one closest to the outside with no blood flow passing through it, and it ends up being our thinnest layer. A few strata make up the epidermis layer. It includes some cells that make keratin called keratinocytes. It also has melanocytes, which are what make our skin color. Making up this layer are also Merkel cells that are mechanoreceptors for our bodies’ ability to have sensation to touch. Lastly, Langerhans cells help the body respond via its immune system to certain things affecting the skin level. We then have the dermis layer in the middle. It is where strength lies, where our body can stretch with elasticity via collagen and elastin fibers. This middle layer is where the main things of our bodies live, like our hair follicles. It also is where we have our sweat glands, the sudoriferous glands, which are in charge of releasing excess waste. The oil glands called the sebaceous glands are also part of the dermis layer. A major part of this layer, I think the most important, is the way it holds the ending of nerves and blood vessels that give the body its feeling and pain and even our temperature information via relay sensations. The dermis is broken into two main layers: the papillary and the reticular. These both interlock, working together. One is thinner, containing tissues and our fine-touch receptors, while the other is deeper than the surface and thick, of course, since it’s where things like hair follicles, glands, and different vessels live. Lastly, the hypodermis is the innermost deep layer of skin the human body has. Its main composition is the body’s fat cells, also named adipose tissue, and the connective tissue for our organs to have cushion and warmth building up insulation. Our fat is stored by our body to be used to function and store fat to then convert it to energy when needed.

[Shannelys Guzman]

you did a very good job explaining the differences! I did not even think of how females have a time frame and menopause is part of this female reproductive systems work

[Shannelys Guzman]

Love the way you explained it you did a fantastic job!

[Shannelys Guzman]

The reproductive system is a very important part of the human body, and it is a sex organ and part of the brain. The reproductive system develops during puberty its secondary sexual characteristics that we have as humans that make us female and male. It’s how we create new life, the biological process to keep the human species alive. The reproductive system is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain. In females it produces the hormone GnRH and has anterior pituitary gland follicles that stimulate hormones for the reproductive system. Also, lactation for the baby after birth and for the cervix to push the baby out is sent by those hormones the brain sends out. The reproductive system can either be female or male. There are many differences between the male and female reproductive systems. Female reproductive systems are made up of different parts. Females have 2 ovaries that are in charge of producing one egg a month, which gets released through the fallopian tubes that connect the ovaries and uterus, where the baby grows. If no sperm is present, it sheds, which is the female menstruation. The ovaries also produce estrogen and progesterone, chemicals that make your breasts grow, for example. The uterus is made up of muscles, as it has to stretch for a growing baby and needs the power to contract and push out the baby at the end of the 40 weeks. The uterus connects to the vagina, which is a canal the penis enters through the vulva to deposit the sperm with hope to meet the egg after traveling through and where the baby exits through. The vulva is the external part of the female reproductive system that’s made up of labia majora and minora and your urethra, where urine passes through. The female reproductive system includes the lower mid-pelvic area and the breast. The male reproductive system is made up of a penis, which is the shaft that has a gland opening. This gland opening on the shaft is where urine passes through and where sperm travels through to exit the body during ejaculation through the urethra. The urethra is located in the shaft. Unlike women, who have two ovaries below the shaft, there are two testicles that store millions of sperm cells; the male reproductive system makes them daily vs. the one egg released in the female reproductive system. The testicles have to maintain cooler temperatures for sperm and make the testosterone hormone vs. women making estrogen and progesterone. The testosterone is in charge of the body hair on a male and the deepening of his voice as well as his muscles. Males have vas deferens, which is responsible for connecting the testicles to the urethra for the traveling of the sperm. It also is made up of a seminal vesicle located inside the body that produces fluids to nourish sperm and then a prostate to make the rest of the seminal fluid the body produces. The testicles are always working, making millions of sperm. Males have one area, the lower pelvic area only. 

[Shannelys Guzman]

Thank you for breaking it down fantastic job!

[Shannelys Guzman]

You did a great job explaining!

[Shannelys Guzman]

Love your breakdown of the different parts!

[Shannelys Guzman]

A neuron is a nerve cell. A nerve cell is made up of three parts the cell body, dendrites, and axon. It has one main function a major one and that is to receive information and transmit the possibility of an action for our whole entire body. From reacting to a deer running across the road to a blinking. These occur because our nerve cells speak to each other carrying information. Our body has over a 1000 different kinds of neurons.

The cell body also called the soma is the cells way of living, its life support. It contains a nucleus and many other specialized organelles. The dendrites are short and bushy fibrous roots that transmit information.They can be found around the soma and can be more than one set of dendrites. The axon works as the way of communication on a trail-like structure delivering electrical impulses from the cell body through the axon to pass info to another neuron. Neurons have one main axon. Axons join the cell body by a junction called the axon hillock. Axons are covered in myelin sheaths. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance of liquid and protein that layers the axons causing insulation. When the signals travel through the axons it has the node of ranvier to make it faster as it delivers a message via synapse. Synapse is when a neuron delivers a chemical or electrical signal to another neuron via the axon.

[Shannelys Guzman]

Great job explaining the differences!

[Shannelys Guzman]

The differences between the two blood vessels artery and vein are significant. An arteries job is to carry oxygenated blood with high pressure through the body. It’s a thick elastic like blood vessels that live deep under the skin. An artery can be felt they have a pulse due to coming from the pumping heart so it copies its behavior pumping with strong flow to make it get to all organs. While a veins job is to bring back all the deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart to be deoxygenated and distributed through the arteries again. The veins live close to the skin and do not have any pulse so they cannot be felt. The blood vessel walls on veins are thin. Blood flows slowly with very low pressure back to the heart which requires it to have valves so the blood does not go back.

The heart is a muscle organ with four chambers whose functions are vital to our body. The four chambers are in charge of pushing oxygenated blood through the body to all organs and receiving the deoxygenated blood back and preparing it with more oxygen to get pushed back through the body for distribution. The names of the four chambers are right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. Each has a very important job that is essential to the heart’s job. The four chambers work together recycling creating blood and pushing it to flow through to keep our bodies alive.

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