[Musharraf Bayramova]

Thank you for sharing this. I learned something new, specifically, where the aorta extends and branches out. Also, information about the blood loss of oxygen when it travels from the heart to the rest of the body. Great work!

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Arteries, veins, and the four chambers of the heart are part of the circulatory system that is responsible for moving blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen, and other gases throughout the body’s cells. A disruption in the function of any part can impair the entire circulatory system and as a result pose a threat to the life of the organism.
An artery is a large blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs and cell tissues. It has thick walls and a significant mass of muscle tissue that allow it to withstand the high pressure of the blood pumped into it. In contrast, a vein carries deoxygenated blood, enriched with carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products, back to the heart. Veins have thinner walls and less muscle tissue that allows them to expand and hold blood. They also have valves that open when blood flows toward the heart and close when the flow attempt to move backward. This helps veins overcome gravity and return blood to the heart.
The left and right ventricles, as well as the left and right atria are the four chambers of the heart. The left and right atria are located at the top, and the left and right ventricles are located below them. The chambers are separated by a septum so that the left and tight sides do not communicate, while the upper and lower chambers communicate through openings in the septum. Blood flows through the heart in only one direction. Deoxygenated blood is carried by veins into the right atrium. From there, it flows downward into the right ventricle and is pumped though an artery into the pulmonary circulation. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and blood becomes oxygenated. After passing through the lungs, the blood returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium and sent to the rest of the body.
A disfunction of any part of the circulatory system can lead to impaired blood circulation and increase the risk of serious consequences for the entire body.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

– Neurons, or nerve cells, are the basic units of the nervous system.
– Each neuron has a cell body that contains the nucleus.
– Extending from the body of a cell are several dendrites and one axon, or several short and one long fiber.
– Axons carry signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
– Axons are covered with a white substance called myelin.
– Myelin helps protect the axon and increases the speed at which signals are transmitted.
– Dendrites receive signals into the cell body from other neurons through synapses.
– A synapse is the space between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another.
– When a synapse receives a signal, or electrical impulse, it triggers the release of a chemical substance, or neurotransmitter.
– This substance transmits the signal to another neuron, where it is again converted into an electrical impulse and so on thru the chain of the components of the nerve cell until it reaches the brain.
– The signal formed by the brain travels to the muscles and brain thru same chain.
– All of this occurs at a microscopic level, within individual nerve fibers (axons).
– Many axons bundled together form visible nerves.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

I sat down today to note audio recording and use the idea mapping as a note-taking technique. First, I used verticality and shifting. Then played the same recording again and used idea mapping. I had to hold the steno pad horizontally, instead of vertically. Started in the middle of the page. Omitted fluffs and expository questions, as was covered in the presentation. I could easily turn the page when I used up space on the right side of the page and on the next page I started again in the middle. I sensed creativity and ease in retaining information and used verticality and shifting within branches as needed. It appeared to me that idea mapping is potentially more powerful than verticality and it almost feels like a magic wand in both analyzing materials and consecutive interpreting. I am excited for new insights that are yet to come!

[Musharraf Bayramova]

I have never used association. I have heard times and times before that it is a powerful learning tool but never tried to figure out the mechanics and apply. Do you remember one of the topics you learned in the past with association? What was it and what were your associations?

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Now we have got 6 weeks to drill them 🙂

[Musharraf Bayramova]

When trying to use techniques aimed at improving retention, one can feel the weight of the activated area of the brain, similar to the weight of one’s own body during pull-ups. this are seems to have a kind of weight, and it is difficult to engage it without prior training. I assume that time and perseverant application of these techniques will strengthen the hippocampus, and the techniques themselves will become easier, just as regular pullups strengthen the muscles of the back and shoulders and make the pullups themselves easier over time.

I plan to use these techniques from presentation when I study material from the subsequent chapters of our program. I believe they will be effective. But the idea of using them during an actual encounter remains uncertain.

I can see the effectiveness of idea mapping when analyzing materials at home. But i do not see how radial note-taking would be possible during an actual medical encounter. We do not bring a whiteboard or large sheets of paper to a session. We bring a small stenopad. The pages of stenopad have a vertical line down the middle that visually divides the pages into left and right sections. According to Virginia Valencia’s note-taking guide, I begin writing at the far left marging on the left side of the page, moving vertically and diagnally. When i reach the end of the left section, i continue on the right side of the page. Once there is no more space on the right side, I flip the page and repeat the same pattern.

In real time encounter it is impossible to predict how much will be said. It seems to me that during an encounter it is more effective to use a vertical-diagonal note-taking technique because first, it clearly shows the hierarchy of ides, and second it allows for smooth transitions from one page to another in sync with the flow of communication. There is a sense of openness in this approach, I cannot imagine how I could move from one page to another when using an idea mapping technique that centers one idea in the middle of the page and branches out in all directions.

I am open to new experiences and would like to explore how the idea mapping works in the circumstance of the real time encounter. It would be helpful if someone could show me stenopad notes using this techniques during a 20-minute mock session. at this point, it is difficult for me to imagine how this technique is applied in consecutive interpreting session. or whether it might offer new possibilities for me.

I suppose I could set up such a mock session myself and experiment taking notes using idea mapping technique but does anyone know where I could find 20-min audio materials that mock the provider-patient conversation?

I can see how effective is visualization, but for now, it seems more applicable as preparation for a real encounter rather than something used during the encounter itself. I also found the technique of backward drill particularly interesting, especially the wat of restructuring the order of entire phrases while preserving the meaning. I do not think it is easy to develop the habit of starting an interpretation from the end and then completing it with the begining, but once mastered it can become a powerfull tool in executing interpretation.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Good link between forgetfulness and notes in disarray. Have you ever made a note of something because you knew you gonna get back to it again and use it but then you lose it in pile of single papers, notebooks, index cards? Spend time again researching same lost idea, writing it down, convinced this time you will know where to find it, but then it happens again? This experience made me dislike paper as a memory tool.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Being under stress also affects listening. When something is not heard, it can’t be remembered, it can’t be noted, it goes entirely unnoticed, as if it was never uttered. Inevitable result of this will be incomplete interpretation.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

It appears that not exercising the brain right way inhibits good mental retention.

Retention as ability to keep and retrieve information for long term takes place in the frontal cortex of the brain, as I understood. It is formed in the structures and connections of neurons in the area there that’s called hippocampus. The structure of neurons there is grown and developed thru emotions, interest, stimulated attention and diet and physical activity. Wrong stimulation (negative emotions, bad diet, lack of physical activity, not learning new things, sleep deprivation, careless relationships) weakens ability to retain new information and reproduce it, while right stimulation (humor, good diet, physical exercises, taking on difficult things, repetition, visualization, elaboration) boosts and enhances it.

Without retention skills, the interpreter cannot fulfill three out of six ethical principles, and therefore they could not become a successful interpreter. In order to demonstrate professionalism and integrity, being one the principles, the interpreter should be able to learn and reproduce on the job the information and practices from basic and continuing education, workshops and seminars. The interpreter cannot achieve accuracy and completeness, another ethical principle, if they can not retrieve vocabulary and equivalent language models at the interpreting session. Lastly, the interpreter cannot be culturally responsive if they had not taken time to elaborate on personal and US healthcare system’s cultural beliefs and practices related to health care.

If an individual wants to succeed as an interpreter, they should deliberately train their ability to process and retain information thru exercises that develop retention skills.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Very good points about confidence, understanding complex terms, more clear communication that come with mastering the parts of the medical terms.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

I like how you used “a predictable structure”, “building blocks”, “break down complicated into basic”. I think this way of explaining makes it easier to understand and remember the usefulness of knowing parts of medical words.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

I found your point about language support at smaller and local facilities very interesting.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

Thank you for the post. I found it interesting to learn about laws in MA.

[Musharraf Bayramova]

The previous post was meant for Discussion Board 2, I apologize for the confusion. Below is the post for this board’s topic:

Current laws of the state of Oregon require the Oregon Health Authority to establish a medical interpreting system. Under state law, the Authority is responsible for developing testing standards, issuing qualifications and certifications, maintaining a registry of medical interpreters, defining rules for interaction between health care providers and health care interpreters, administering service scheduling and payment processing, explaining standards, retaining medical interpreters, and supporting their professional development.

Oregon law defines its policy on access to the health care system for individuals with limited English proficiency based on Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically the policy guidance on prohibiting discrimination based on national origin for LEP persons, which issuance was announced in Executive Order 13166. Legislation defines its policy also on the 1978 Patient’s Bill of Rights.

Executive Order 13166 connects the lack of language access to federally funded social services with laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of national origin. It instructs each federal agency to develop and implement a plan to ensure language access in its programs and activities and to explain to the organizations it funds how to comply with the law. The order also refers to the LEP Guidance document on applying these legal requirements. In turn, the Patient’s Bill of Rights establishes standards for hospitals in their treatment of patients. Oregon lawmakers incorporated standards from LEP Guidance and professional hospital principles into a mandatory requirement for the Oregon Health Authority to create a system for managing and training medical interpreters.

The level of regulation of medical interpreting in Oregon legislation turned out to be more developed than I had expected.

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