[Cristina Restrepo]

Hello Joseph, very detailed and thorough explanation of each scene as you pointed out the errors as well as the things the interpreter did correctly during each encounter. I also liked how you included the possible consequences, for the patient, of such errors in translation. Well done!

[Cristina Restrepo]

Hi Yona, thank you for pointing out that the interpreter did not translate CAT scan as I did not catch that for that particular scene. I also see that other classmates also picked up on that error as well. Loved how you used the correct terminology “tomografía”.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Leonisa, I loved the format in which you presented the information, separating it into two videos. Also really liked how you included how the interpreter must have intervened in some of the situations presented in each scene.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Scene #1 Errors: 1. Pre-session was omitted
2.Interpreter was using 3rd person instead of 1st.
3. Patient was not speaking directly to the provider.
4. Interpreter did not address CEFF (confidentiality, everything, flow, first person)

Scene #2 Errors: 1. Triadic position was not used
Interpreter, however, used an English equivalent translation to convey the message of what the patient had eaten last night.

Scene #3 Errors: 1. Triadic position was not used again
2. Patient was not addressing the provider directly, pt was addressing the interpreter instead.

Scene #4 Errors: 1. Interpreter did not convey information accurately as patient meant to say that her mother and father had stomach ulcers and pt believed her grandmother and uncle also had stomach problems.

Scene #5 Errors: 1. Interpreter did not translate everything that was said such as the interruption from the beeper.
Interpreter, however, asked for clarification on unfamiliar term GERD.

Scene #7 Errors: 1. Interpreter was socializing with the patient while they were waiting for provider to return after provider left to attend beeper call, exposing the interpreter to uncomfortable situations and compromising her professionalism.

Scene #8 Errors: 1. Patient disclosed information that she did not want the provider to know (pt spit up blood). Interpreter agreed on not telling the provider about this.

Scene #9: Interpreter saw the patient’s facial expression when interpreter stated that the doctor wanted to do an endoscopy. Interpreter noticed that the patient was not familiar with term and its meaning.

Scene #10 Errors: 1. Interpreter did not respect the 20 second rule when it comes to the time search party has to speak in order for the interpreter to retain and convey information accurately. Interpreter should have interrupted the provider after the 20 sec mark to ensure message is conveyed accurately.
2. So much information was given by the provider at once that the interpreter was unable to retain everything and a lot of information was omitted during the interpretation process.
3. Interpreter also added information such as: “it is not a complicated procedure, don’t worry about it” which provider did not state.
4. Interpreter did not take notes to help her remember details.

Scene #11 Errors: 1. Provider did not make use of the interpreter as he spoke Spanish to the best of his ability.
2. Interpreter took on the role of patient advocate by helping patient schedule her follow-up appointment.
3. Interpreter also called transportation agency for pick up of patient when patient requested a ride home.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Lesly, you did a great job connecting the medical interpreter role to the explanation of the alveoli and their function. It is really important to have knowledge of the subject as there are many patients suffering from pulmonary conditions and we as medical interpreters have the responsibility of ensuring accuracy and clarity in our encounters.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Leonisa, I loved the example you used to describe the exchange capacity of the alveoli. It really helped me to paint a picture of how crucial and vital these structures are.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Joseph, great job explaining each of the layers that compose the skin. The format you chose to present the information was very simple to understand.

[Cristina Restrepo]

I agree with you Milleny, it is truly amazing how perfectly our body works and how everything is there for a reason and with a purpose.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Joseph, I’m glad you found those details I shared interesting and helpful when it comes to visualizing medical concepts; in this case the skin. I really like these discussion boards for that reason, it allows us to see different points of view and share different information with each other.

[Cristina Restrepo]

The alveoli are tiny air sacs located in the lungs. To be more exact they are located at the end of the bronchioles, which are the smallest air passages in the lungs. The alveoli is where gas exchange takes place, transferring oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide out. They achieve this by taking the oxygen we inhale and diffusing it via capillaries into the blood stream then carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. They are crucial because they significantly increase the surface area of the lungs, facilitating efficient oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release. This gas exchange is vital for oxygen delivery to the body and removal of waste products such as carbon dioxide. It is important to mention that the alveoli need to be free from inflammation and mucus to function properly.

[Cristina Restrepo]

The skin is the body’s largest organ, made of water, protein, fats and minerals. The skin protects your body from germs and regulates body temperature. Nerves in the skin help you feel sensations like hot and cold. The skin, along with hair, nails, oil glands and sweat glands, is part of the integumentary system, which means outer covering.

The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis which is the outer layer, the dermis which is the middle layer and the hypodermis which is the bottom or fatty layer. The epidermis, as said before, is the top layer of the skin; the one you can see and touch. It is mostly made up of Keratin, a protein inside skin cells, along with other proteins that come together to form this layer. The epidermis acts as a protective barrier keeping bacteria and other microorganisms from entering the bloodstream and causing infections. This is done by the presence of Langerhan cells which are part of the immune system and help fight off pathogenic microorganisms. It also protects against other elements such as the rain and the sun. Other functions of the epidermis are to make new skin cells and to give skin its color with the presence of the pigment melanin.

The dermis, which is the middle layer, makes up to 90% of skin’s thickness. The dermis contains collagen which is a protein that makes skin cells strong and resilient. It also contains elastin which keeps skin flexible and helps stretched skin regain its shape. It is also in charged of growing hair as the roots of hair follicles attach to the dermis. Another function of the dermis is to produce oils that help the skin feel smooth and soft as well as producing sweat to regulate body temperature. Nerve receptors in the dermis help you feel pain, and determine if something is soft, itchy, hot or cold. It also supplies blood to the epidermis keeping the skin layers healthy.

Now the hypodermis, which is the bottom of fatty layer of the skin, functions to cushion muscles and bones when you fall or are in an accident. It also has connective tissue that connects layers of skin to muscles and bones. Nerves and blood vessels in the hypodermis extend to connect the hypodermis to the rest of the body. Lastly, it regulates body temperature as fat in the hypodermis acts as an insulator to prevent the body from becoming too cold or hot.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Lesly, I like how you connect the medical interpreter role to the explanation of the female and male reproductive systems as it is imperative to be familiar with these differences when conveying information from provider to patient and vice versa to ensure accuracy of interpretation.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Leonisa, thank you for sharing the secondary sexual characteristics that come from the production of testosterone like a deeper voice and facial hair for males. I found that very interesting to know! And as always you do a great job creating the picture as your explanation is very easy to follow.

• This reply was modified 2 months, 3 weeks ago by Cristina Restrepo.

[Cristina Restrepo]

The reproductive system is the biological system in charged of producing offspring. It is divided into the female and male reproductive systems and it includes the organs, ducts, glands and hormones involved in sexual reproduction. While both systems are responsible for human reproduction they differ primarily in their function and structure. Females produce eggs and develop a fetus, while males produce sperm to fertilize the egg and release testosterone.

Taking a further look at the structure and function of both systems, the male reproductive system is composed of testes which produce sperm and testosterone, epididymis which stores and transports sperm, vas deferens which transports sperm into the urethra, ejaculatory ducts which empty into the urethra and lastly the urethra itself which carries urine and semen outside of the body. On the other hand, the female reproductive system is made up of ovaries which produce estrogen and eggs, fallopian tubes which are narrow tubes for the fertilized egg to travel to the uterus, uterus which holds the fetus during pregnancy, cervix which is the narrow passage between the uterus and the vagina and lastly the vagina which is the passage for childbirth and sexual intercourse.

The key differences between both systems are the gamete production as females produce eggs through a process called oogenesis and males produce sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. It is important to mention that males continuously produce sperm, while females produce eggs intermittently. Another difference is the sperm and egg viability as for sperm is up to 48 hours while eggs are viable for up to 24 hours. Hormonal differences are also present as females produce estrogen and progesterone and males produce testosterone.

The female reproductive system additionally carries out the process of menstruation which is the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur as well as pregnancy where the fertilized egg develops into a fetus.

• This reply was modified 2 months, 3 weeks ago by Cristina Restrepo.

[Cristina Restrepo]

Joseph, thank you for giving a thorough explanation of the subject. I specifically liked how you highlighted the importance of each component of the nerve cell. It really shows the time you put in researching the subject.

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