[Brian Pacheco]

Great job explaining!

[Brian Pacheco]

Great explanation!

[Brian Pacheco]

The skin is also known as the Integumentary system and is made up of 3 layers, the dermis, the epidermis and the hypodermis which is also called the subcutaneous layer. The skin is the body’s largest organ. Each layer has its own special function that work together and help the body work at its best potential. The 3 layers work as a system to protect the body, regulate internal conditions, and maintain overall health.

* The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and it forms a protective barrier between the body and the outside environment. It is mostly made of keratinocytes that produce keratin, which is a tough protein that helps prevent water loss and shields the body from damage. The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, which is the pigment responsible for skin color and protects the deeper tissue from ultraviolet radiation. This layer also renews itself, shedding dead cells and replacing them with new healthy ones. Although the epidermis is thin it plays a huge role in preventing pathogens, chemicals, and irritants from entering the body.
* Right below the epidermis is the dermis, which is a thicker layer with connective tissue. The dermis contains collagen and elastin fibers, which give the skin its strength, flexibility, and elasticity. The dermis has structures including blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings that help the skin to regulate temperature. They also produce sweat and oils as well as sense touch, pain, and pressure. The dermis also helps with wound healing because it provides nutrients to the epidermis.
* The Hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin. Mostly made up of fat and connective tissue. This layer helps with insulation and maintaining heat. This layer also acts as a cushion to protects the organs from injury.

[Brian Pacheco]

Great description!

[Brian Pacheco]

Great explanation!

[Brian Pacheco]

Both the female and male reproductive system are important and play important roles in human reproduction but also are very different in function and the roles they play.

The male reproductive system consists of two major parts, the testes (which are carried in an external pouch known as the scrotum) and the penis. Sperm are produced in the testes. The external position of the scrotum helps maintain a cooler temperature than inside the body, correct temperature being important for healthy sperm development. Sperm move from the testes through the epididymis and vas deferens, eventually exiting the body through the urethra during ejaculation. In relation to hormonal regulation males rely on testosterone, which controls sperm production and male secondary sex characteristics. Males are able to reproduce as soon as they hit puberty and produce sperm throughout much of their life.

Females on the other hand are only able to reproduce during certain timeframes. Females have a monthly reproductive cycle and are able to reproduce only during that time, and then once they reach menopause are no longer able to reproduce.Females are born with a finite number of eggs. Eggs are produced in the ovaries (internal organs located in the pelvic cavity). Females release an egg during ovulation into the fallopian tube which then may or may not get fertilized by the sperm. If fertilization does occur then the egg will travel to the uterus. Females rely on hormones such as estrogen and progesterone for reproduction.

[Brian Pacheco]

Great job explaining this!

[Brian Pacheco]

Love your explanation!

[Brian Pacheco]

A nerve cell, also known as a neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Its function is to receive, process, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. The cell body is the main part and inside contains the nucleus, which is like the control center. Dendrites are extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The Axon conducts electrical impulses and may be covered by a myelin sheath which increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission. Nodes of Ranvier help speed up the conduction of nerve impulses. At the end of the axon, there are axon terminals that pass messages to the next cell through a tiny gap called the synapse. Each part of the Neuron plays an essential part in the nervous system.

[Brian Pacheco]

Agree with you!

[Brian Pacheco]

Agree!

[Brian Pacheco]

Great explanation!

[Brian Pacheco]

Arteries and veins are both types of blood vessels, but they have very different structures and functions making them have different responsibilities in the body. An arteries job is to carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart through the body. An artery has thick elastic like blood vessels that live deep under the skin. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, they have high pressure and have no valves. While veins on the other hand bring back oxygen-poor blood to the heart. A veins main job is to bring back all the deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart to be deoxygenated and distributed through the arteries again. Veins carry blood towards the heart, are low pressure unlike arteries and do have valves unlike arteries, helping the blood move in the right direction and stopping the blood from backflow.

The heart is a muscle organ with four chambers, each one playing important roles in relation to the heart. The four chambers are the right ventricle, left ventricle. right atrium, left atrium. The four chambers of the heart are very essential because they keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate, allowing adequate circulation between the lungs and the rest of the body. Without the four different chambers of the heart it wouldn’t be able to function correctly. Blood would have no direction on which way to flow and our organs would then be deprived of Oxygen.

[Brian Pacheco]

Love Mnemonics, find them so helpful!

[Brian Pacheco]

Agree, I couldn’t see most of it either.

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